Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement.

The Cambodian Journal of Educational and Social Sciences (CJESS) is committed to maintaining high standards of publication ethics, academic integrity, transparency, and responsible scholarly communication. This Publication Ethics and Malpractice Statement outlines the ethical responsibilities of authors, reviewers, editors, and the publisher, as well as the journal's procedures for addressing suspected research and publication misconduct.

CJESS follows recognized principles and good practices in scholarly publishing, including guidance provided by the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE). All parties involved in the publication process are expected to act with honesty, fairness, objectivity, confidentiality, transparency, and accountability.

For further information, please refer to the COPE Guidelines.

1. Authorship and Author Responsibilities

Authors must ensure that submitted manuscripts represent original scholarly work and have not been published previously or simultaneously submitted to another journal.

Authorship should be limited to individuals who have made substantial scholarly contributions to the conception, design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, or preparation of the work. All listed authors must approve the submitted and final versions of the manuscript and accept responsibility for their contributions.

Individuals who have contributed to the work but do not meet the criteria for authorship should be appropriately acknowledged.

Requests to add, remove, or rearrange authors after submission must be justified and approved by all affected authors. CJESS reserves the right to request additional information concerning authorship contributions when necessary.

Authors must appropriately acknowledge all sources of financial support, funding, institutional assistance, and other relevant contributions.

2. Originality, Plagiarism, and Duplicate Publication

Authors must appropriately acknowledge and cite the ideas, words, findings, data, methods, and other intellectual contributions of others. Plagiarism, inappropriate text recycling, fabrication of references, and other forms of academic misconduct are prohibited.

Authors must not submit substantially the same manuscript to more than one journal simultaneously. Duplicate or redundant publication without appropriate disclosure and justification is not acceptable.

All submitted manuscripts are subject to originality screening in accordance with the journal's Plagiarism Screening and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy.

A similarity score alone does not determine whether plagiarism has occurred. The editorial team evaluates the nature and extent of textual overlap when determining whether further action is required.

3. Data Integrity, Fabrication, and Falsification

Authors are responsible for the accuracy, authenticity, reliability, and integrity of the data and evidence reported in their manuscripts.

Fabrication, falsification, inappropriate manipulation, selective alteration, or deliberate misrepresentation of research data, results, images, citations, or other research materials is prohibited.

Authors should accurately describe their research methods and findings and should not intentionally omit information that would materially affect the interpretation of the research.

CJESS may request supporting information, data, documentation, or clarification when concerns arise regarding the reliability or integrity of reported research.

4. Research Ethics and Informed Consent

Research involving human participants must be conducted in accordance with applicable ethical principles, institutional requirements, and relevant laws and regulations.

Where required, authors must obtain approval from an appropriate institutional ethics committee, institutional review board, or other authorized ethical review body before conducting the research. Relevant ethical approval information should be reported in the manuscript.

Where applicable, informed consent must be obtained from research participants or their authorized representatives. Authors are responsible for protecting participants' privacy, confidentiality, dignity, anonymity, and personal information.

Research involving children or other potentially vulnerable participants should include appropriate safeguards and comply with applicable ethical requirements.

For research involving animals, authors must comply with applicable institutional and national ethical standards and report relevant ethical approval when required.

5. Conflicts of Interest

Authors, reviewers, and editors must disclose any financial, professional, institutional, personal, or other relationships that could reasonably be perceived as influencing their work, judgment, or decisions.

Authors should disclose relevant conflicts of interest when submitting their manuscripts.

Reviewers must disclose potential conflicts of interest and decline a review when they cannot provide an independent and impartial assessment.

Editors must not handle manuscripts when a conflict of interest could compromise, or reasonably appear to compromise, their independence or impartiality. In such cases, the manuscript must be assigned to another qualified editor.

6. Peer Review and Confidentiality

CJESS operates a double-blind peer-review process. Research and review articles considered for publication undergo peer review by at least two independent reviewers with relevant expertise.

The identities of authors and reviewers are concealed from each other during the double-blind review process.

Reviewers must treat manuscripts and associated materials as confidential documents. They must not share, distribute, reproduce, discuss, or use unpublished information obtained through peer review for personal or professional advantage.

Reviews must be objective, constructive, respectful, evidence-based, and free from personal, institutional, commercial, political, or other inappropriate bias.

Reviewers must disclose relevant conflicts of interest and decline review assignments when they cannot provide an independent assessment.

7. Editorial Responsibilities and Independence

Editors are responsible for evaluating manuscripts based on their scholarly quality, originality, methodological soundness, relevance, ethical compliance, and contribution to the journal's aims and scope.

Editorial decisions must not be influenced by an author's nationality, institutional affiliation, gender, personal relationships, political considerations, commercial interests, or other irrelevant factors.

The publisher does not interfere with individual editorial decisions. Decisions concerning acceptance, revision, or rejection are made according to the journal's established editorial and peer-review policies.

Editors must protect the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts and must not use unpublished information obtained through the editorial process for personal advantage.

8. Submissions by Editors and Editorial Team Members

Manuscripts submitted by the Editor-in-Chief, editors, associate editors, or other individuals involved in the journal's editorial activities are subject to the same editorial standards and peer-review requirements as all other submissions.

Such manuscripts must be handled by an independent qualified editor who has no conflict of interest with the authors.

The submitting editor or editorial team member must have no involvement in reviewer selection, peer review, editorial evaluation, or the final decision concerning their manuscript.

This procedure is intended to protect the independence, impartiality, fairness, and integrity of the editorial process.

9. Reviewer Responsibilities

Reviewers contribute to editorial decision-making and help authors improve the scholarly quality of their manuscripts.

Reviewers are expected to:

  • provide objective, constructive, timely, and evidence-based evaluations;
  • maintain the confidentiality of manuscripts and review materials;
  • disclose any potential conflicts of interest;
  • decline manuscripts outside their areas of expertise when appropriate;
  • identify relevant published work that authors may have overlooked where appropriate;
  • avoid personal criticism, discriminatory comments, or inappropriate language; and
  • refrain from using unpublished information obtained through peer review for their own research or personal advantage.

Reviewers must not attempt to manipulate citations by requesting unnecessary references to their own work or to particular journals for inappropriate purposes.

10. Corrections, Retractions, and Expressions of Concern

Authors must promptly notify the CJESS editorial office if they identify a significant error or inaccuracy in their published work and must cooperate with the journal in correcting the scholarly record.

CJESS may publish corrections, retractions, or expressions of concern when necessary. The action taken will depend on the nature and severity of the issue and will be guided by recognized publication-ethics principles.

A correction may be issued when an error affects part of an article but does not invalidate its main findings.

A retraction may be considered when serious problems substantially undermine the reliability, originality, or ethical integrity of a published article.

An expression of concern may be issued when serious concerns have been raised but an investigation has not yet reached a definitive conclusion.

Post-publication notices should be clearly linked to the affected article and should explain the reason for the action.

11. Handling Allegations of Research and Publication Misconduct

CJESS takes allegations of research and publication misconduct seriously. Such concerns may include plagiarism, fabrication, falsification, inappropriate authorship, duplicate publication, citation manipulation, peer-review manipulation, undisclosed conflicts of interest, unethical research practices, inappropriate AI use, or other forms of misconduct.

The journal will assess allegations fairly and objectively and, where appropriate, seek clarification, supporting information, or evidence from the individuals concerned.

The journal will endeavor to protect the confidentiality and rights of all parties while an allegation is being investigated.

When serious misconduct is substantiated, CJESS may reject a manuscript, correct or retract a published article, restrict further consideration of related submissions, or take other appropriate actions.

Where warranted, CJESS may communicate with relevant institutions, funders, ethics committees, research organizations, or other appropriate bodies.

12. Complaints and Appeals

Authors, reviewers, readers, and other stakeholders may submit complaints concerning editorial procedures, publication ethics, peer review, or other journal practices to the CJESS editorial office.

Authors may appeal an editorial decision when they believe that a significant error occurred during the review or decision-making process. An appeal should clearly explain the grounds for reconsideration and provide relevant supporting information.

Complaints and appeals will be considered fairly and, whenever possible, by an editor or responsible individual who was not directly involved in the matter under consideration.

Submission of an appeal does not guarantee that the original editorial decision will be changed.

13. Artificial Intelligence and AI-Assisted Technologies

The use of generative artificial intelligence (AI) and AI-assisted technologies must comply with the journal's Plagiarism Screening and Artificial Intelligence (AI) Policy.

AI tools and large language models cannot be listed as authors or co-authors, as they cannot assume responsibility and accountability for scholarly work.

Authors remain fully responsible for the accuracy, originality, integrity, citations, references, ethical compliance, and final content of their manuscripts, including any material developed with AI assistance.

Substantive use of generative AI must be appropriately disclosed. Routine use of tools solely for spelling, grammar, formatting, or basic language improvement does not normally require disclosure.

Reviewers and editors must protect manuscript confidentiality and must not use generative AI systems in ways that compromise confidential or unpublished material. Generative AI must not replace the independent scholarly judgment of reviewers or editors.

Fabricated references, falsified information, manipulated research data, or other forms of research misconduct resulting from inappropriate AI use are prohibited.

14. Citation and Reference Integrity

Authors are responsible for ensuring that references are accurate, relevant, genuine, and appropriately cited.

Authors should cite original and relevant scholarly sources whenever possible and should not include references solely for the purpose of artificially increasing citations to themselves, other authors, particular journals, institutions, or organizations.

Editors and reviewers must not require authors to add citations that are unnecessary or irrelevant to the manuscript.

Citation manipulation is considered inconsistent with the journal's publication ethics standards.

15. Funding and Acknowledgments

Authors must disclose relevant sources of research funding and financial support and, where appropriate, identify the role of the funder in the design, conduct, analysis, interpretation, or publication of the research.

Individuals or organizations that contributed to the research but do not qualify for authorship should be appropriately acknowledged with their permission where required.

Funding or sponsorship must not improperly influence editorial decisions.

16. Publisher Responsibilities

The publisher supports the editorial independence of CJESS and is committed to maintaining the integrity and accessibility of the scholarly record.

The publisher will not improperly interfere with editorial decisions concerning individual manuscripts.

The publisher will cooperate with the editorial team in addressing ethical concerns, complaints, corrections, retractions, expressions of concern, and other matters affecting publication integrity.

Commercial considerations, where applicable, must not compromise editorial independence or scholarly standards.

17. Post-Publication Concerns

CJESS encourages readers, authors, reviewers, and other members of the scholarly community to report credible concerns regarding published articles.

When a concern is raised, the editorial team will assess the available evidence and determine whether further investigation or corrective action is warranted.

CJESS is committed to correcting the scholarly record when reliable evidence demonstrates that published material contains significant errors or breaches of publication ethics.

18. Continuous Improvement

CJESS periodically reviews its editorial, ethical, and publication policies to promote responsible scholarly publishing and alignment with recognized good practices.

The journal welcomes constructive feedback from authors, reviewers, editors, readers, and other stakeholders concerning its policies and publication practices.

Questions, complaints, appeals, or concerns regarding publication ethics and research integrity may be directed to the CJESS editorial office at cjessjournal555@gmail.com